André Sapir is Senior Fellow of Bruegel, the Brussels-based think tank, and Professor at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. Previously, he taught at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, the Graduate Institute in Geneva, the College of Europe in Bruges, and has been a visiting fellow at the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. Between 1990 and 2004, he worked at the European Commission, first as Economic Advisor to the Director-General for Economic and Financial Affairs and then as Principal Economic Advisor to President Prodi. After leaving the Commission, he first served as External Member of President Barroso’s Economic Advisory Group and then as Member of the General Board (and Chair of the Advisory Scientific Committee) of the European Systemic Risk Board based at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt. He currently serves as Member of the High-Level Advisory Group on post-COVID economic and social challenges convened by the European Commissioner for the Economy, Paolo Gentiloni. André Sapir has written extensively on European integration, international trade, and globalisation. He holds a PhD in Economics from the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and is a member of the Royal Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts.