Jolyon Howorth is the Professor Emeritus of European Politics at the University of Bath (UK). He was Senior Research Fellow at the Belfer Centre for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School (2018-2022). He was Visiting Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at Yale (2002 to 2018). British born, he was awarded French citizenship in recognition of his outstanding scholarship on France. He has acted as a consultant to various European governments and US administrations. He has published extensively in the field of European security and defense policy and transatlantic relations – fifteen books and over two hundred and fifty scholarly papers. Recent books include: Security and Defence Policy in the European Union, (2007, 2014); Defending Europe: the EU, NATO and the Quest for European Autonomy, (2003); European Integration and Defence: The Ultimate Challenge? (2000) He is currently working on a book for Oxford University Press on the Challenge of European Strategic Autonomy